Traditionally, Punjabi identity was primarily linguistic, regardless of religious affiliation or heritage, referring to those for whom the Punjabi language(s), was the first language and who resided in the Punjab region. As such, they more or less shared the same cultural background.[9] However, in recent times, the definition has been broadened to include people of Punjabi origin, even if they no longer speak the Punjabi language(s).

The Punjabi people are a heterogeneous group and can be subdivided into a number of clans in both the East and West Punjab called biradari (literally meaning “brotherhood”), each traditionally more bound to their own clans then others. Some of the eminent figures of Punjab both East and West are mentioned below